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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a chemical compound used in a wide variety of applications. As a strong oxidizing agent, it is used in industry, laboratories, medicine, and even in households. In this blog post, we will take a closer look at the chemical properties of hydrogen peroxide, its application areas, and safety aspects for handling.

Chemical properties of hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide is a colorless, slightly viscous liquid that is soluble in water. The chemical formula is H2O2 - meaning it consists of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. Due to its structure, hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent capable of oxidizing other substances and thus triggering chemical reactions.

An important property of hydrogen peroxide is its instability. When heated or in contact with catalysts, it decomposes into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2). This process can even occur explosively if the concentration and temperature are too high. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide must always be stored and used under controlled conditions.

Applications of hydrogen peroxide

The versatile properties of hydrogen peroxide lead to a wide range of applications in various industries:

Industrial Applications

In industry, hydrogen peroxide is used as an oxidizing agent in chemical processes. Examples include the production of chemicals, paper bleaching, textile cleaning, and wastewater treatment. Due to its disinfecting properties, it is also used in the food industry.

Medical Applications

In medicine, hydrogen peroxide is used as a disinfectant. It kills bacteria, viruses, and fungi and is therefore used for wound disinfection, dental cleaning, and disinfection of medical devices. Furthermore, it is used in cancer therapy and the treatment of respiratory diseases.

Household Use

Hydrogen peroxide also has many uses in the household. It serves as a bleaching agent for textiles, a cleaning agent for surfaces and sanitary facilities, and for water disinfection. It can also be used to treat skin problems such as acne or warts.

Special Applications

In addition to the main applications mentioned, there are other uses for hydrogen peroxide, such as in rocket technology as an oxidizing agent for propellants or in photography for film development.

Safety Aspects in Handling

Although hydrogen peroxide is versatile, caution must be exercised during handling. Due to its instability and reactivity, improper handling can create hazards. Therefore, some safety rules should be observed:

Concentration and Storage

Hydrogen peroxide is available in various concentrations, from 3% up to 90%. The higher the concentration, the more reactive and dangerous the substance. Therefore, concentrates must always be stored in suitable, tightly sealed containers at cool temperatures to avoid decomposition.

Personal Protective Equipment

When handling hydrogen peroxide, especially at higher concentrations, wearing protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing is essential. This can prevent skin or eye burns as well as inhalation of vapors.

Contamination Prevention

Hydrogen peroxide reacts with many substances, so contamination with dirt, metals, or organic materials must be strictly avoided. Spilled hydrogen peroxide should be wiped up immediately and the affected surfaces thoroughly cleaned.

Disposal

Empty or no longer needed containers of hydrogen peroxide must be disposed of properly. Depending on concentration and contamination, this may be classified as special waste. Improper disposal can lead to environmental damage.

With proper handling and adherence to safety regulations, hydrogen peroxide can be used safely and effectively in many areas. It is a useful and versatile oxidizing agent that is indispensable in modern industry, medicine, and even households.