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Acetylsalicylic acid, also known as aspirin, is a widely used medication that has been employed in medicine for over a century. This versatile substance has a wide range of applications and has become indispensable in our daily lives. But what exactly is acetylsalicylic acid and how does it work in the body? In this article, we take a closer look at the properties, applications, and potential risks of this substance.

What is Acetylsalicylic Acid?

Acetylsalicylic acid is a synthetically produced active ingredient first developed in 1899 by German chemist Felix Hoffmann. It belongs to the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and is structurally related to naturally occurring salicylic acid.

Acetylsalicylic acid exerts its effect by inhibiting the activity of certain enzymes called cyclooxygenases (COX). This reduces the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, leading to anti-inflammatory, fever-reducing, and pain-relieving effects.

Applications of Acetylsalicylic Acid

Due to its diverse effects, acetylsalicylic acid has numerous medical applications:

Pain and inflammation

One of the main applications of acetylsalicylic acid is the treatment of pain and inflammation. It is used for headaches, migraines, joint pain, muscle pain, and fever. Additionally, it can help alleviate symptoms of rheumatic diseases such as osteoarthritis or rheumatism.

Cardiovascular diseases

Another important application of acetylsalicylic acid is the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Taken in low doses, acetylsalicylic acid can reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes by inhibiting blood clotting and thus making the formation of blood clots (thrombi) more difficult.

Cancer prevention

Some studies suggest that acetylsalicylic acid may also have cancer-preventive effects. It appears to reduce the risk of certain cancers, such as colon cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. However, the exact mechanism of action is not yet fully understood.

Other applications

In addition to the main applications mentioned, acetylsalicylic acid is also used for other conditions such as diabetes, Alzheimer's, and migraines. It is also used in dentistry to treat toothaches and gum inflammation.

Potential risks and side effects

Although acetylsalicylic acid is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, improper use or overdose can cause side effects. Possible risks include:

Gastrointestinal complaints

Acetylsalicylic acid can irritate the mucous membranes in the gastrointestinal tract, causing discomfort such as stomach pain, heartburn, nausea, or ulcers. The risk is particularly high with long-term use or simultaneous use of other NSAIDs.

Bleeding risk

Due to the blood-thinning effect of acetylsalicylic acid, increased bleeding may occur, e.g., from injuries, surgeries, or dental treatments. Particularly dangerous are brain hemorrhages, which can occur in rare cases.

Allergic reactions

Some people are allergic to acetylsalicylic acid and develop symptoms such as skin rashes, breathing difficulties, or asthma attacks. In severe cases, anaphylactic shock may even occur.

Other side effects

Additionally, acetylsalicylic acid preparations can also cause headaches, dizziness, tinnitus, fatigue, or sleep disorders.

To minimize risks, it's important to take acetylsalicylic acid only after consulting a doctor and not to exceed the recommended dosage. People with gastrointestinal disorders, blood clotting disorders, or allergies should be particularly cautious.

Conclusion

Acetylsalicylic acid is a versatile active ingredient with numerous medical applications. From pain relief to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and even potential cancer prevention - acetylsalicylic acid can be helpful in various situations.

However, its use also carries risks that must be carefully considered. With proper dosage and consultation with a doctor, side effects can be avoided in most cases. Overall, acetylsalicylic acid is an important and proven medication that, when used correctly, can help many people.